hydrothermal-synthesis-carbon-dots-180c-dual-022um-filtration

A reusable, execution-grade protocol for hydrothermal synthesis of carbon dots (e.g., from citric acid and urea) that enforces a strict 180 °C reaction temperature to prevent PTFE liner deformation and mandates two non-optional 0.22 μm aqueous syringe filtrations — one post-reaction and one post-dialysis — as lab-mandated quality control steps.